Nouns

Okay, so here's the deal.

There are seven different terminals for Chezian nouns: AE, O, E, Y, A, U, and a consonant. Nouns decline (that is, have case) in Chezian, like they do in German, or Latin. In fact, the cases are the same as they are in Latin:

• Nominative [N] — The subject of a sentence, this is the raw dictionary form whose terminal dictates its terminal category.
• Accusative [A] — The direct object of a sentence, that which is directed acted upon by the main verb
• Dative [D] — This is the indirect object of a sentence, but specifically may only answer to whom or for whom (or what) the action of the sentence took place.
• Genitive [G] — This is sometimes used to signal a possesor of a following noun (like the "'s" clitic in English). See also [-orka].
• Ablative [B] — Unlike Latin, this is used with prepositions concerning movement away for "go"-paradigm verbs, and movement towards for "come"-paradigm verbs.
• Locative [L] — This is a noun telling "where", but implies no movement.
• Vocative [V] — This marks a noun being addressed (e.g., Fred in "Fred, when are you going to write something?")

examples

AE	tamrodae dog				tamrodaef the dog
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	tamrodae	–ae	tamrodate	–ate	tamrodaef	–aef	tamrodatef	–atef
Accusative	tamrodaec	–aec	tamrodatec	–atec	tamrodaex	–aex	tamrodatex	–atex
Dative	tamrodaez	–aez	tamrodatez	–atez	tamrodaer	–aer	tamrodater	–ater
Genitive	tamrodae	–ae	tamrodate	–ate	tamrodem	–em	tamrodatem	–atem
Ablative	tamroda	–a	tamrodatie	–atie	tamrodas	–as	tamrodaties	–aties
Locative	tamrode	–e	tamrodate	–ate	tamroded	–ed	tamrodated	–ated
Vocative	tamrodir	–ir	tamrodatir	–atir	tamrodir	–ir	tamrodatir	–atir

A	zarma river				zarmaf the river
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	zarma	–a	zarmate	–ate	zarmaf	–aef	zarmatef	–atef
Accusative	zarmaec	–aec	zarmatec	–atec	zarmaex	–aex	zarmatex	–atex
Dative	zarmaez	–aez	zarmatez	–atez	zarmaer	–aer	zarmater	–ater
Genitive	zarmae	–ae	zarmate	–ate	zarmaem	–aem	zarmatem	–atem
Ablative	zarmo	–o	zarmatie	–atie	zarmos	–os	zarmaties	–aties
Locative	zarmae	–ae	zarmate	–ate	zarmaed	–aed	zarmated	–ated
Vocative	zarmir	–ir	zarmatir	–atir	zarmir	–ir	zarmatir	–atir

O	fembo human, mankind				fembaf the human
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	fembo	–o	e fembo	–o	fembaf	–af	e fembaf	–af
Accusative	fembac	–ac	e fembac	–ac	fembax	–ax	e fembax	–ax
Dative	fembaz	–az	e fembaz	–az	fembor	–or	e fembor	–or
Genitive	fembae	–ae	e fembae	–ae	fembam	–am	e fembam	–am
Ablative	fembio	–io	e fembio	–io	fembios	–ios	e fembios	–ios
Locative	fembe	–e	e fembe	–e	fembed	–ed	e fembed	–ed
Vocative	fembir	–ir	e fembir	–ir	fembir	–ir	e fembir	–ir

E	zume fingernail, claw				zumef the fingernail, the claw
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	zume	–e	zumete	–ete	zumef	–ef	zumetef	–ef
Accusative	zumec	–ec	zumetec	–etec	zumex	–ex	zumetex	–etex
Dative	zumez	–ez	zumetez	–etez	zumer	–er	zumeter	–eter
Genitive	zumae	–ae	zumetae	–etae	zumem	–em	zumetem	–etem
Ablative	zumie	–ie	zumetie	–etie	zumies	–ies	zumeties	–eties
Locative	zume	–e	zumete	–ete	zumed	–ed	zumeted	–eted
Vocative	zumir	–ir	zumetir	–etir	zumir	–ir	zumetir	–etir

U	ziru guardian, head of household				ziruf the guardian
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	ziru	–u	e ziru	–u	ziruf	–uf	e ziruf	–uf
Accusative	ziruc	–uc	e ziruc	–uc	zirux	–ux	e zirux	–ux
Dative	ziruz	–uz	e ziruz	–uz	zirur	–ur	e zirur	–ur
Genitive	zirae	–ae	e zirae	–ae	zirum	–um	e zirum	–um
Ablative	ziriu	–iu	e ziriu	–iu	zirius	–ius	e zirius	–ius
Locative	ziru	–u	e ziru	–u	zirud	–ud	e zirud	–ud
Vocative	zirir	–ir	e zirir	–ir	zirir	–ir	e zirir	–ir

C	alsafifel deputy				alsafifelef the deputy
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	alsafifel	—	alsafifelate	–ate	alsafifelef	–ef	alsafifelatef	–ef
Accusative	alsafifelec	–ec	alsafifelatec	–atec	alsafifelex	–ex	alsafifelatex	–atex
Dative	alsafifelez	–ez	alsafifelatez	–atez	alsafifeler	–er	alsafifelater	–ater
Genitive	alsafifelae	–ae	alsafifelatae	–atae	alsafifelem	–em	alsafifelatem	–atem
Ablative	alsafifelio	–io	alsafifelatio	–atio	alsafifelios	–ios	alsafifelatios	–atios
Locative	alsafifel	—	alsafifelate	–ate	alsafifeled	–ed	alsafifelated	–ated
Vocative	alsafifel	—	alsafifelatir	–atir	alsafifelir	–ir	alsafifelatir	–atir

Y	Eloremsky gl., Daniel
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	Eloremsky	–y	ed Eloremsky	–y
Accusative	Eloremsky	–y	ed Eloremsky	–y
Dative	Eloremskiy	–iy	ed Eloremskiy	–iy
Genitive	Eloremskie	–ie	ed Eloremskie	–ie
Ablative	Eloremsky	–y	ed Eloremsky	–y
Locative	Eloremsky	–y	ed Eloremsky	–y
Vocative	Eloremskir	–ir	ed Eloremskir	–ir

half-cases

What's a half-case? Half-cases (some chezian word) or clitics, are suffixed to the nominative form of a noun, and do not themselves agree in terminal declension or number.

• possessive (-orka) ["'s"]
• comitative (-volo) ["with", manner]
• prolative (-ensecon) ["by way of", "according to", "per", "pursuant"]

Ricazio adoensecon fae, ricazez kedensecon fae. each-abl ability-pr his, each-dat need-pr his. From each, according to his ability, to each, according to his need.

Sequence of cases

Normal sentences are constructed in the pattern of (voc) (nom) VERB (acc) (loc) (dat) (gen) (abl) (comi) (prol)

Ablative

come verbs

I came here from Chasia

• come-1pspret here-abl Chasia-prol

or

• come-1pspret Chasia-gen here-abl

but

I came here from Chasia via Eltame

• come-1pspret Chasia-gen here-abl Eltame-prol

He covered the knife with a cloth.

• wrongfully cover-3pspret knife-abl-def cloth-comi

We mistakenly prefixed his name with Mrs. instead of Mr.

• mistakenly prefix-we his name-abl missus-comi vice mister-comi

go verbs

I went to Shedzaria from there via Goshen

• come-1pspret Shezdaria-dat there-abl Goshen-prol

He sheathed the sword with its scabbard.

• sheath-3pspret sword-dat-def it-comi scabbard-gen

We mistakenly prepended Mrs. instead of Mr. to his name.

• mistakenly prepend-we his name-dat missus-comi vice mister-comi

Logic:

• I TOOK a trip FROM Chasia, but I GAVE myself a trip TO Shedzaria.
• He TOOK his view away FROM the knife through covering it, but he GAVE away his view TO the sword through sheathing it.
• We TOOK the missus away FROM the name by moving the missus before the name, but we GAVE away the missus TO the name by placing it before the name.

--This one is much harder to fathom. Suffice it to say that verbs of attachment are come verbs, and verbs of hanging are go verbs.